The 43-year-old coach has previously coached Italian club Udinese and Greek giant Panathinaikos.
Stramaccioni has signed a two-year contract worth 1.6 million euros a year.
Esteghlal parted company with German coach Winfried Schaefer in late April following poor results in the Iran Professional League.
Assistant coach Farhad Majidi replaced Schaefer until the end of the season.
Under coaching of Schaefer, Esteghlal finished in third place in Iran Professional League.