Mashhad's Muharram Ceremonies: Honoring Centuries of Tradition
TEHRAN (Tasnim) – During the lunar Islamic month of Muharram, Mashhad, like many Iranian cities, hosts deeply rooted mourning ceremonies, especially in the first ten days of the month.
Each ceremony reflects a significant historical and cultural legacy.
Since the end of Timurid rule (1370-1507), a special flag has always been present in the holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS). Historically, it was waved to welcome kings and commanders or signal surrender.
Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the flag has borne the Arabic phrase ‘lā ilāha illā llāh’ (There is nothing worthy of worship except God) in a pattern of domes and minarets. It is now the official emblem of the shrine, featuring Imam Reza’s name in yellow embroidery. The flag is usually hoisted atop the golden dome, except during mourning periods when it is replaced with black flags.
Khotbeh Khani Ritual:
The traditional ritual of Khotbeh Khani (mourning plus eulogy while carrying candles) is held annually in the courtyards and porticos of the holy shrine to mark the martyrdom anniversaries of Imam Hussein (AS) and Imam Reza (AS), the third and eighth Shiite Imams respectively.
Rozeh Khani Ritual:
Rozeh Khani, a Shiite Iranian Muslim ritual of the Mourning of Muharram, dates back to the Safavid era (1501-1736). It is performed in the shrine through vows, endowments, and official ceremonies.
Shām-e Gharībān (The Evening of Strangers):
Shām-e Gharībān refers to the evening of the 10th day of Muharram (Ashura) in Persian literature and poetry. On this night, Shiites mourn and lament the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (AS) and the tribulations that befell his household and companions. This ritual has been observed in the shrine since 1960.
This ritual dates back to 1960 in the shrine.
Lighting Candles Ritual:
Another mourning ceremony, dating back to 1939, commemorates the martyrdom anniversaries of Imam Hussein (AS) and Imam Reza (AS). Before the shrine was equipped with electrical power, mourners would light candles.